English / Ulster-Scots Glossary

Verb Tables

Source	English / Ulster-Scots Glossary: A Core Vocabulary Wordlist with Verb Tables
Author	Philip Robinson (compiled and edited by)
Publisher	Ullans Press
Edition	First Edition
Date	2013
Downloads	→ MOBI (Kindle) → EPUB → PDF

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The Scots and Ulster-Scots past tense verb ending in '-it' or '-t' (rather than '-ed' or '-d') is a well-established historical form which also reflects a pronunciation difference with English. For example:

baked	- baket
laughed	- lacht
walked	- waakt, dannèrt
tipped	- coupt
wrestled	- wrasseltt
opened	- apen't

However, this only applies when the verbs are 'regular' or 'plain' verbs in both languages. The following tables set out in summary how verb forms change differently in English and Ulster-Scots to indicate the past.

PLAIN VERBS: Past Tense forms with a '-d' ending in Ulster-Scots and English

English verb	English past tense	Ulster-Scots verb	Ulster-Scots past tense
(beat)		whale	whaled
(build)		big	bigged
(endure)		thole	tholed
(hurry)		hie	hied
(select)		wale	waled
(trade)		dale	doled
allow	allowed	alloo	allooed
belong	belonged	belang	belanged
call	called	caa	caad
die	died	dee	deed
divide	divided	divide	divid
draw	drew	draa	draad
follow	followed	follae	follaed
hear	heard	hear	heerd
live	lived	leeve	leeved
loosen	loosened	loose	loosed
pay	paid	pye	pyed
please	pleased	plaise	plaised
roll	rolled	rowl	rowled
say	said	say	sayed

PLAIN VERBS: Past Tense forms with a "-t" ending in Ulster-Scots

English verb	English past tense	Ulster-Scots verb	Ulster-Scots past tense
(carry)		cairt	cairtit
(compel)		gar	gart
(cry)		greet	greetit, gret
(direct)		road	roadit
(dodge)		jook	jookt
(manage)		hannle	hannelt
(nudge)		dunt	duntit
(remember)		mine	mindit
(scatter)		skail	skailt
(sicken)		scunnèr	scunnèrt
(shout)		guldèr	guldèrt
(stroll)		dannèr	dannèrt
(teach)		lairn	lairnt
(tip over)		coup	coupt
act	acted	ect	edit
ask	asked	ax, ast	axt, ast
connect	connected	connect	connectit
count	counted	coont	coontit
drop	dropped	drap	drapt
drown	drowned	droon	droondit
fill	filled	fill	fillt
gather	gathered	gether	gethert
heed	heeded	heed	heedit
hunt	hunted	hunt	huntit
join	joined	join	joint
kill	killed	kïll	kïllt
laugh	laughed	lach	lacht
lift	lifted	lïft	lïftit
look	looked	luk	lukt
need	needed	need	needit
part	parted	pairt	pairtit
pick	picked	pïck	pïckt
plaster	plastered	plestèr	plestèrt
salt	salted	saut	sautit
shift	shifted	shïft	shïftit
start	started	stairt	stairtit
stop	stopped	stap	stapt
stretch	stretched	streetch	streetcht, streekit
talk	talked	taak	taakt, taakit
turn	turned	turn	turnt
walk	walked	waak	waakt, waakit

ENGLISH STRONG VERBS: Past Tense forms with a vowel sound change in English

English verb	English past tense	English past participle	Ulster-Scots verb	Ulster-Scots past tense	Ulster-Scots past participle
come	came	have come	cum	cum	hae cum
drink	drank	have drunk	drink	drunk	hae drunk
hang	hanged	have hung	hing	hung	hae hung
run	ran	have run	rin	run	hae run
sing	sang	have sung	sïng	sung	hae sung
swim	swam	have swum	sweem	swum	hae swum

IRREGULAR ENGLISH PLAIN VERBS:

English verb	English past tense	English past participle	Ulster-Scots verb	Ulster-Scots past tense	Ulster-Scots past participle
catch	caught	have caught	ketch	ketched	hae ketched
tell	told	have told	tell	toul (telt)	hae toul, (hae telt)

ENGLISH STRONG VERBS: Past Tense forms with a vowel sound change in English, and a Past Participle form with "-n" ending in English also

English verb	English past tense	English past participle	Ulster-Scots verb	Ulster-Scots past tense	Ulster-Scots past participle
beat	beat	have beaten	bate	bate	hae bate
break	broke	have broken	brek	broke, (loc.) brok	hae broke
eat	ate	have eaten	eat	et	hae et
fall	fell	have fallen	faa	fell	hae fell
give	gave	have given	gie	gien (gied)	hae gien, (hae gied)
grow	grew	have grown	growe	grew (growed)	hae grew (hae growed)
know	knew	have known	know	knowed	hae knowed
lie	lay	have lain	lie	layed	hae layed
ride	rode	have ridden	ride	rid	hae rid
see	saw	have seen	see	seen	hae seen
swear	swore	have sworn	sweer	sweered	hae sweered
take	took	have taken	tak	tuk (taen)	hae tuk (taen)
write	wrote	have written	write	writ	hae writ

ENGLISH STRONG VERBS: Verb forms which do not change in English for Past Tense or Past Participle

English verb	English past tense	English past participle	Ulster-Scots Verb	Ulster-Scots past tense	Ulster-Scots past participle
hit	hit	have hit	hit	hut	hae hut
let	let	have let	let	lut (let)	hae lut (let)
put	put	have put	pit	püt	hae püt