English / Ulster-Scots Glossary
Verb Tables
| Source | English / Ulster-Scots Glossary: A Core Vocabulary Wordlist with Verb Tables |
| Author | Philip Robinson (compiled and edited by) |
| Publisher | Ullans Press |
| Edition | First Edition |
| Date | 2013 |
| Downloads | → MOBI (Kindle) → EPUB → PDF |
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The Scots and Ulster-Scots past tense verb ending in '-it' or '-t' (rather than '-ed' or '-d') is a well-established historical form which also reflects a pronunciation difference with English. For example:
| baked | - baket |
| laughed | - lacht |
| walked | - waakt, dannèrt |
| tipped | - coupt |
| wrestled | - wrasseltt |
| opened | - apen't |
However, this only applies when the verbs are 'regular' or 'plain' verbs in both languages. The following tables set out in summary how verb forms change differently in English and Ulster-Scots to indicate the past.
PLAIN VERBS: Past Tense forms with a '-d' ending in Ulster-Scots and English
| English verb | English past tense | Ulster-Scots verb | Ulster-Scots past tense |
| (beat) | whale | whaled | |
| (build) | big | bigged | |
| (endure) | thole | tholed | |
| (hurry) | hie | hied | |
| (select) | wale | waled | |
| (trade) | dale | doled | |
| allow | allowed | alloo | allooed |
| belong | belonged | belang | belanged |
| call | called | caa | caad |
| die | died | dee | deed |
| divide | divided | divide | divid |
| draw | drew | draa | draad |
| follow | followed | follae | follaed |
| hear | heard | hear | heerd |
| live | lived | leeve | leeved |
| loosen | loosened | loose | loosed |
| pay | paid | pye | pyed |
| please | pleased | plaise | plaised |
| roll | rolled | rowl | rowled |
| say | said | say | sayed |
PLAIN VERBS: Past Tense forms with a "-t" ending in Ulster-Scots
| English verb | English past tense | Ulster-Scots verb | Ulster-Scots past tense |
| (carry) | cairt | cairtit | |
| (compel) | gar | gart | |
| (cry) | greet | greetit, gret | |
| (direct) | road | roadit | |
| (dodge) | jook | jookt | |
| (manage) | hannle | hannelt | |
| (nudge) | dunt | duntit | |
| (remember) | mine | mindit | |
| (scatter) | skail | skailt | |
| (sicken) | scunnèr | scunnèrt | |
| (shout) | guldèr | guldèrt | |
| (stroll) | dannèr | dannèrt | |
| (teach) | lairn | lairnt | |
| (tip over) | coup | coupt | |
| act | acted | ect | edit |
| ask | asked | ax, ast | axt, ast |
| connect | connected | connect | connectit |
| count | counted | coont | coontit |
| drop | dropped | drap | drapt |
| drown | drowned | droon | droondit |
| fill | filled | fill | fillt |
| gather | gathered | gether | gethert |
| heed | heeded | heed | heedit |
| hunt | hunted | hunt | huntit |
| join | joined | join | joint |
| kill | killed | kïll | kïllt |
| laugh | laughed | lach | lacht |
| lift | lifted | lïft | lïftit |
| look | looked | luk | lukt |
| need | needed | need | needit |
| part | parted | pairt | pairtit |
| pick | picked | pïck | pïckt |
| plaster | plastered | plestèr | plestèrt |
| salt | salted | saut | sautit |
| shift | shifted | shïft | shïftit |
| start | started | stairt | stairtit |
| stop | stopped | stap | stapt |
| stretch | stretched | streetch | streetcht, streekit |
| talk | talked | taak | taakt, taakit |
| turn | turned | turn | turnt |
| walk | walked | waak | waakt, waakit |
ENGLISH STRONG VERBS: Past Tense forms with a vowel sound change in English
| English verb | English past tense | English past participle | Ulster-Scots verb | Ulster-Scots past tense | Ulster-Scots past participle |
| come | came | have come | cum | cum | hae cum |
| drink | drank | have drunk | drink | drunk | hae drunk |
| hang | hanged | have hung | hing | hung | hae hung |
| run | ran | have run | rin | run | hae run |
| sing | sang | have sung | sïng | sung | hae sung |
| swim | swam | have swum | sweem | swum | hae swum |
IRREGULAR ENGLISH PLAIN VERBS:
| English verb | English past tense | English past participle | Ulster-Scots verb | Ulster-Scots past tense | Ulster-Scots past participle |
| catch | caught | have caught | ketch | ketched | hae ketched |
| tell | told | have told | tell | toul (telt) | hae toul, (hae telt) |
ENGLISH STRONG VERBS: Past Tense forms with a vowel sound change in English, and a Past Participle form with "-n" ending in English also
| English verb | English past tense | English past participle | Ulster-Scots verb | Ulster-Scots past tense | Ulster-Scots past participle |
| beat | beat | have beaten | bate | bate | hae bate |
| break | broke | have broken | brek | broke, (loc.) brok | hae broke |
| eat | ate | have eaten | eat | et | hae et |
| fall | fell | have fallen | faa | fell | hae fell |
| give | gave | have given | gie | gien (gied) | hae gien, (hae gied) |
| grow | grew | have grown | growe | grew (growed) | hae grew (hae growed) |
| know | knew | have known | know | knowed | hae knowed |
| lie | lay | have lain | lie | layed | hae layed |
| ride | rode | have ridden | ride | rid | hae rid |
| see | saw | have seen | see | seen | hae seen |
| swear | swore | have sworn | sweer | sweered | hae sweered |
| take | took | have taken | tak | tuk (taen) | hae tuk (taen) |
| write | wrote | have written | write | writ | hae writ |
ENGLISH STRONG VERBS: Verb forms which do not change in English for Past Tense or Past Participle
| English verb | English past tense | English past participle | Ulster-Scots Verb | Ulster-Scots past tense | Ulster-Scots past participle |
| hit | hit | have hit | hit | hut | hae hut |
| let | let | have let | let | lut (let) | hae lut (let) |
| put | put | have put | pit | püt | hae püt |
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